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Colombia\u2019s Santos: I copied aspects of Northern Ireland peace agreement | News<\/p>\n
Belfast, Northern Ireland \u2013<\/strong> Juan Manuel Santos, who served as Colombia\u2019s president between 2010 and 2018, was and remains a key figure in the country\u2019s ongoing conflict resolution process.<\/p>\n He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize for, the committee said, his \u201cresolute efforts to bring the country\u2019s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people\u201d.<\/p>\n Santos oversaw the 2016 peace agreement between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government, concluding the armed conflict.<\/p>\n Al Jazeera interviewed Santos at the One Young World 2023 summit last month in Belfast, to speak about the lessons learned in Colombia from Northern Ireland\u2019s peace process and where transitional justice efforts stand respectively in the two territories.<\/p>\n Al Jazeera: What significance does the Northern Ireland peace process have for the conflict resolution efforts you have spearheaded in Colombia?<\/strong><\/p>\n Juan Manuel Santos:<\/strong> The peace process here was in a way an inspiration for us. It was a conflict that had lasted for so many years and finally ended.<\/p>\n I copied other aspects of the Northern Ireland peace agreement \u2013 for example, the back-channelling and the confidentiality at the beginning. With the help of international advisers who were not engaged in the day-to-day of Colombian politics, I said, \u201cThis is what we must do.\u201d And that blueprint was extremely, extremely useful.<\/p>\n But we also learned what not to do. For example, the Northern Ireland peace agreement did not give importance to implementation. And I think we learned that we should \u2013 that\u2019s why we included implementation as a specific point in the Colombian peace process.<\/p>\n Another thing that was not done here, which we did do in Colombia, was putting victims at the centre of negotiations. If you do this \u2013 their rights to justice, their rights to the truth, their rights to justice and non-repetition \u2013 that helps tremendously the process of healing the wounds of war that has been going on for so long.<\/p>\n Today, you see generals of the Colombian military facing victims and admitting that they committed war crimes and crimes against humanity \u2013 that they killed their sons, without any reason. And to see that! People thought that would never happen, but it is happening right now.<\/p>\n Part of the tensions that are still present here in Northern Ireland, 25 years after, is because you did not do what we did in Colombia. We\u2019re going through this very difficult process at the moment of trying to heal the wounds created by so many years of war. It\u2019s not an easy task, but it\u2019s a necessary one if you want a sustainable peace in the long run.<\/p>\n Al Jazeera: This has been brought into sharp focus here by the British government\u2019s new Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Bill. How have you viewed developments around it?<\/strong><\/p>\n Santos:<\/strong> That\u2019s one of the consequences of not having a transitional justice system like the one we have in Colombia. We built that in order precisely to avoid the problems you are having here, 25 years later, with the British government.<\/p>\n It has been trying to pass a law that will give [an effective] amnesty to the people responsible for war crimes \u2013 for many people this is, of course, unacceptable. If you had had a transitional justice [structure or framework ], these types of problems would not appear 25 years later.<\/p>\n The Colombian peace process is the only peace process in the world where the two [warring] parties agreed to create a special tribunal and to submit to it. Usually, it is a tribunal that is imposed from the outside \u2013 by the United Nations, or whatever [body] \u2013 but never had two parties created their own process [transitional justice mechanism] and submitted to it in this way.<\/p>\n The international community is less and less prone to accepting amnesties for war criminals and crimes against humanity \u2013 this can appear to make peace deals harder to apply, but it makes sense when you come to try and heal the wounds, a fundamental part of any peace process.<\/p>\n Al Jazeera: Where is the Colombian peace process poised now?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Santos:<\/strong> Unfortunately, my successor [Ivan Duque Marquez] \u2013 who was against the peace process \u2013 dragged his feet in the implementation of the peace process. This was very damaging and had there been an earlier implementation with the FARC, the much-needed process of healing our society\u2019s wounds would have got under way much faster.<\/p>\n The president of this new government [Gustavo Petro] has promised that he will implement the peace process, and I hope he does. Because his idea of building what he calls \u201ctotal peace\u201d has to be done using the peace process that was signed with the FARC as a necessary condition. Without doing that, his efforts will fail.<\/p>\n So what I hope \u2013 and what I\u2019m asking for \u2013 is to accelerate the implementation of the peace process that was signed several years ago. Because that would give him the legitimacy and the credibility to build on that process.<\/p>\n If he thinks he can build a new peace process without implementing what has already been [agreed and] signed, then he will fail.<\/p>\n The Colombian peace process was probably the most ambitious peace process ever signed, and it\u2019s been described [externally] in those terms. We did not only address the DDR \u2013 demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration \u2013 but we also addressed the causes of the conflict. We went much further to negotiate, for example, agrarian reform that this government is trying to put in place and that the last government put on hold. We went much further to try to find a solution to the drug-trafficking problem \u2013 which the last government also put on hold and we\u2019re still suffering the consequences of that. We even had an ethnic chapter, a gender chapter \u2013 which has not been implemented fully yet.<\/p>\n If you do all of that, it is a marvellous programme for any government. So, if the Petro administration simply does [all of] that, he will be considered a good president when they finish. But if he, in a way, concentrates on his [idea of] \u201ctotal peace\u201d at the expense of what has been [agreed and] signed [already], then he will be in trouble.<\/p>\n This interview was lightly edited for brevity and clarity.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>
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